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CIPS L4M7 (CIPS Whole Life Asset Management) Certification Exam is a globally recognized certification that validates the knowledge and skills of professionals involved in whole life asset management. CIPS Whole Life Asset Management certification is designed for individuals who are responsible for managing assets throughout their entire life cycle, from procurement to disposal. The CIPS L4M7 certification is particularly relevant for those working in the fields of procurement, asset management, maintenance, and disposal.
NEW QUESTION # 48
A manager who is concerned about the environmental impact of packaging should do which of the following?
- A. Try to reduce the costs of packaging
- B. Adopt international environmental packaging standards
- C. Purchase the packaging materials in bulk
- D. Not use the packaging materials at all
Answer: B
Explanation:
In principle, use of any materials involves an environmental cost. Some packaging materials use a lot of natural resources and energy to produce. The journey taken by packaging from raw material to manufacturing and then to the initial user also incurs a 'carbon footprint'. The weight of packag-ing contributes to the fuel usage of vehicles while the volume used can add up to additional jour-neys or the use of larger vehicles. Finally, the reuse, return, disposal or recycling will also involve additional to the environmental cost.
In this question:
- 'Purchase
the packaging materials in bulk' may incur additional fuel and carbon footprint in delivering these materials
- 'Try to reduce the costs of packaging' may prompt the organisation to use less eco-friendly and cheap materials like polystyrene chips
- 'Not use the packaging materials at all' can increase the environmental performance of packag-ing activities, but it also harms the products to be delivered and may cause other environmental problems (i.e. spillage of toxic chemicals into the environment) So the correct answer should be: 'Adopt international environmental packaging standards'. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has published several standards regarding packaging and environment, namely ISO 18601, ISO 18602, ISO 18603, ISO 18604, ISO 18605, ISO 18606.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following are most likely to be direct benefits of applying RFID technology? Select TWO that apply
- A. Large information capacity
- B. Multiple items tracking
- C. Being able to work in 1km range or above
- D. Being able to work in harsh conditions without any supports
- E. Identifying product defects
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
RFID tags are the small devices that can be embedded in labels or attached to tags which work with radio transmitters and/or receivers to identify themselves.
RFID tags can be used to do the following:
- Track individual items
- Track boxes of products, cages of products and pallets
- Track containers with multiple loads
- Locate equipment within a building
- Trigger alarms should equipment or stock be removed without authorisation.
RFID devices have a very small integrated circuit incorporating a small memory capability - many are smaller than 2mm square and 2mm thick. Despite its size, many can hold 2000 characters of data.
RFID operating rage depends on the radio frequency used, receiver capability and the environment. Some tags are only readable from under 1m, others can have a 100m range.
RFID tags and labels are very specific to the type of material and size of your assets. For example, metal will deactivate the RFID antenna and the tag will not transmit at all. Using RFID on metal requires a special type of tag with an RFID block to prevent interference with the antenna. Liquid products can also affect the reliability of the RFID signal. To use RFID tags in specific environ-ments, some technologies are needed to support them.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 50
The following are examples of scheduled maintenance except...
- A. Cleaning of tank
- B. Overhauling of machine
- C. Oil changes and regular servicing
- D. Repair signage damage from a recent storm
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scheduled maintenance is any repair and upkeep work performed within a set timeframe. It details when given maintenance tasks are performed and by whom. Scheduled maintenance may occur at repeating intervals or in response to a work request.
"Overhauling of machine" means that the machine is regularly checked and corrupted parts are replaced if needed.
"Cleaning of tank" and "Oil changes" also occur at time intervals as scheduled So the correct answer is "Repair signage damage from a recent storm" Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 51
Practice of unloading goods from inbound delivery vehicles and loading them directly onto out-bound vehicles is known as ...?
- A. Decommissioning
- B. Automation
- C. Cross-docking
- D. Tracing and tracking
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cross-docking is the practice of unloading goods from inbound delivery vehicles and loading them directly onto outbound vehicles. By eliminating or minimizing warehouse storage costs, space requirements and inventory handling, cross-docking can streamline supply chains and help them move goods to market faster and more efficiently.
Cross-docking usually takes place in a dedicated docking terminal in a warehouse, where inbound goods are first received at a dock and sorted according to their final destinations. They are then moved to the other side of the dock via forklift, conveyor belt or other equipment and loaded on outbound vehicles.
Cross-docking works best with products that need to be transported quickly, such as food, that have already been sorted and labeled for customers, do not need quality inspections or have steady demand.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 16
- Cross-docking
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 52
Resevoir Inc runs several oil refineries across the country. These refineries require heavy invest-ment, particularly in maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) inventory. But the inventory turno-ver rate of these MRO items are low, while some items have expired date, which increases the risks of obsolescence. Which of the following methods can address the issues of these MRO items?
- A. Just in case
- B. Vendor-owned stock
- C. Larger safety stock
- D. Forrester effect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Where stock turn (inventory turnover) is low and there are potential risks of redundancy or obsolescence, the buying organisation may adopt vendor owned stock. In this system, a supplier (vendor) maintains a stock of items ready to be used at the point of customer consumption. The supplier owns the stock until it is used by the purchaser; only then is the purchaser invoiced for it.
Just in case and larger safety stock would significantly increase the stock level, which may cause redundancy or obsolescence.
Forrester effect (or Bullwhip effect) is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as one moves further up the supply chain.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 53
XYZ Inc opens a tender to purchase new forklift trucks for their new established warehouse. In the final round, there are two suppliers remain who offer two different bids. Supplier A's bid has high initial investment. After calculating the net present value, the NPV in year five is positive. On the other hand, supplier B's bid has low purchase price, with the NPV in year five is negative. If the NPV is the sole selection criterion, XYZ Inc should select the bid which has...?
- A. The lowest NPV
- B. Negative NPV
- C. Zero NPV
- D. Positive NPV
Answer: D
Explanation:
Net present value (NPV) is the 'today' net value that deprives from 'future' cash flow of an invest-ment or a capital purchase. Net Present Value is a helpful tool for assessing the total lifetime value of an investment. Procurement professionals or investors can base on this value to make decision to achieve value for money. Generally, an organisation should select the offer which has the highest NPV among their options. Preferably, the NPV of an capital investment should be positive, which means the investment eventually adds value to the business.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 54
A supplier delivers large quantities of inventory to its customer's store, but only charges for the goods as and when they are used. This can be described as...?
- A. Components inventory
- B. Multi-stage inventory
- C. Multi-echelon stock
- D. Consignment stock
Answer: D
Explanation:
Consignment stock is stock legally owned by one party, but held by another, meaning that the risk and rewards regarding to the said stock remains with the first party while the second party is re-sponsible for distribution or retail operations. Ownership of consignment stock is passed only when the stock is used (issued or sold in the case of a shop). Unused stock in a warehouse may be returned to the supplier when it concerns standard manufactured products. With customer specific items, agreements concerning returning products, should be negotiated.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 55
Toll Group has thousands of end-of-life IT assets that need to be disposed of. The senior manage-ment of Toll Group is largely concerned about sustainability in waste management, especially electronic waste. Before selecting a supplier to manage the process, the procurement team is required to assess the environmental risks regarding disposal of the assets. Risk assessment is basically based on the measurement of which factors?
1. Impact
2. Reward
3. Surveillance
4. Likelihood
- A. 1 and 4 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 2 and 4 only
Answer: A
Explanation:
All risk management processes follow the same basic steps, although sometimes different jargon is used to describe these steps. Together these 5 risk management process steps combine to deliver a simple and effective risk management process.
Step 1: Identify the Risk. You and your team uncover, recognize and describe risks that might affect your project or its outcomes. There are a number of techniques you can use to find project risks. During this step you start to prepare your Project Risk Register.
Step 2: Analyze the risk. Once risks are identified you determine the likelihood and consequence of each risk. You develop an understanding of the nature of the risk and its potential to affect pro-ject goals and objectives. This information is also input to your Project Risk Register.
Step 3: Evaluate or Rank the Risk. You evaluate or rank the risk by determining the risk magni-tude, which is the combination of likelihood and consequence. You make decisions about whether the risk is acceptable or whether it is serious enough to warrant treatment. These risk rankings are also added to your Project Risk Register.
Step 4: Treat the Risk. This is also referred to as Risk Response Planning. During this step you assess your highest ranked risks and set out a plan to treat or modify these risks to achieve acceptable risk levels. How can you minimize the probability of the negative risks as well as enhancing the opportunities? You create risk mitigation strategies, preventive plans and contingency plans in this step. And you add the risk treatment measures for the highest ranking or most serious risks to your Project Risk Register.
Step 5: Monitor and Review the risk. This is the step where you take your Project Risk Register and use it to monitor, track and review risks.
Reference:
- What are the 5 Risk Management Steps in a Sound Risk Management Process?
- CIPS study guide page 192-193
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 56
An organisation may incur additional costs in stockout events. Which of the following is an exam-ple of costs of inventory stockouts?
- A. The return forgone by investing capital in inventory rather than elsewhere
- B. The costs of obsolescence and costs of insurance that change with the quantity of in-ventory held
- C. The lost contribution margin on sales forgone as a result of customer dissatisfaction due to unavailability of goods
- D. The costs of storage space owned that cannot be used for other profitable purposes when inventories decrease
Answer: C
Explanation:
Stockout is a situation where an inventory item is not available when required. The costs associated with a stockout include the following:
- Lost of production output - there will be no production until the stockout is resolved (new stock is acquired). For factory operating 24/7 with no spare capacity, this lost output will not be able to be recovered.
- Costs of machine downtime and of overhead spread over a reduced level of output
- Costs of any action required to deal with the stockout...
- Loss of customer goodwill through inability to supply or late delivery
- Loss of sales or new orders
- Loss of market creditability
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 57
A retailer wants to improve its service level in inventory management from 95% to 97%. Which of the following is the best course of action?
- A. Increasing safety stock
- B. Expanding replenishment lead time
- C. Holding more cycle stock
- D. Decreasing safety stock
Answer: D
Explanation:
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition) Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 58
Which of the following correctly describes the triple bottom line?
- A. People, Product, Profit
- B. Professional, Planet, Profit
- C. People, Planet, Profit
- D. People, Planet, Project
Answer: C
Explanation:
The triple bottom line is a sustainability framework that examines a company's social, environment, and economic impact (or People, Planet, Profit).
Reference:
- 25 Years Ago I Coined the Phrase "Triple Bottom Line." Here's Why It's Time to Rethink It.
- CIPS study guide page 202
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 59
When accounting for the disposal of fixed assets, the gain or loss on disposal is equal to...?
- A. The difference between resale price and the cost or valuation plus depreciation up to the beginning of the year in which disposal took place
- B. The difference between resale price and the cost of the asset less depreciation up to the beginning of the year in which disposal took place
- C. The difference between resale price and the cost or valuation less accumulated depre-ciation up to the date of disposal
- D. The difference between resale price and the cost of that asset
Answer: B
Explanation:
Fixed assets may be sold anytime during their useful life. This gives rise to the need to derecognize the asset from balance sheet and recognize any resulting gain or loss in the income statement.
The accounting for disposal of fixed assets can be summarized as follows:
- Record cash receive or the receivable created from the sale:
Debit Cash/Receivable
- Remove the asset from the balance sheet
Credit Fixed Asset (Net Book Value)
- Recognize the resulting gain or loss
Debit/Credit Gain or Loss (Income Statement)
Example
ABC LTD purchased a machine for $2000 on 1st January 2001 which had a useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of $500. The machine was being depreciated on straight line basis. However, ABC LTD decided to sell the asset on1 January 2003 for $1500 in order to raise cash for the purchase of a new machine.
The disposal of the fixed asset will be recorded as follows:
Record cash received or the receivable arising from the sale:
Debit Cash $1,500
Remove the asset from the balance sheet
As a fixed asset is recognized in the balance sheet at the Net Book Value (i.e. Cost less Accumulated Depreciation), the machine will be removed from the accounts of ABC LTD in two parts:
First, the Machine Cost must be removed by crediting the ledger:
Credit Machine Cost $2,500
Second, the Accumulated Depreciation in respect of the machine must be removed by debiting the ledger:
Debit Accumalated Depreciation $600*
*Accumulated Depreciation: (2000 - 500)/5 x 2 Years
The combined effect of the above two transactions would be to remove the machine's net book value of $1400 (2000 - 600) from the balance sheet.
Recognize the resulting gain or loss on the sale of machine
ABC LTD received $1500 for an asset with a balance sheet worth of $1400. It therefore earned a gain of $100. The gain will be recorded as follows:
Credit Gain on Disposal $100
Reference:
- Accounting for Disposals
- CIPS study guide page 197-198
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 60
A brewery sells its beer in aluminum cans. It recycles the cans by using contractors to collect and mold the used cans. This is an example of...?
- A. Carbon recycling
- B. Open-loop recycling
- C. Closed-loop recycling
- D. Reuse
Answer: C
Explanation:
There are two main processes of recycling - open loop recycling and closed loop recycling.
Open Loop Recycling
Open loop recycling is a method that delays disposal by converting manufactured goods and spent materials into both new raw materials, which can be used for a manufacturing purpose, as a fuel source for a different manufacturing process and waste products.
Typically, materials recycled through open-loop recycling will be used for purposes different from their original purpose.
This means that the input into the recycling process is converted to a new raw material, which can be used as an input into another manufacturing process.
Materials in an open loop recycling process are treated using various forms of treatment including heat, chemical reactions, or physical crushing.
Closed Loop Recycling
Closed loop recycling is a process where waste is collected, recycled and then used again to make the same product it came from. This process is restorative and regenerative by design and aims to keep materials at their highest utility and value always.
Closed loop recycling is focused on resource sustainability, which means that recycling of a material can be done indefinitely without degradation of properties. In this case, conversion of the used product back to raw material allows repeated making of the same product, which helps hazardous waste generators reduce carbon footprint and achieve corporate sustainability initiatives.
Closed-loop recycling is common in specialized industries, such as the computer and battery industries, which use expensive or complex goods that cannot easily be broken down post-consumption into constituent materials.
A prime example of a closed-loop recycling process is the recycling of aluminum cans. Aluminum can be recycled to form new cans with little material degradation or waste creation.
Reference:
- Open Loop Vs Closed Loop Recycling
- CIPS study guide page 203
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which of the following is the correct statement about total ordering cost?
- A. Rise as the average stock level rises
- B. Fall with the per period usage rate
- C. Equal the number of orders placed times the cost of placing an order
- D. Rise as the order quantity rises
Answer: C
Explanation:
Typically, ordering costs include expenses for a purchase order, labor costs for the inspection of goods received, labor costs for placing the goods received in stock, labor costs for issuing a supplier's invoice and labor costs for issuing a supplier payment. These costs are irrelevant from the size of the order and are incurred every time a firm places an order.
The total ordering cost will be equal to ordering cost per order multiply with number of orders.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which of the following are typical characteristics of 2D barcodes? Select TWO that apply.
- A. 2D barcodes can contain more data than 1D barcodes
- B. The 2D barcodes are machine-readable
- C. 2D barcodes are exclusively used for marketing purpose
- D. Every 2D barcodes must conform international standards
- E. 2D barcodes can be read by linear scanners
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes look like squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots. This has many different types (i.e. Data matrix, QR codes, Aztec code,...) and several different standards in use (i.e. GS1 standards, ISO/IEC 18004:2015). It can be substituted for 1D barcode, but it has the capability to hold a larger amount of data. For examples, GS1 Data Matrix can contain 3116 Numeric characters or 2335 Alphanumeric characters while GS1-128 barcode has maximum capacity of 48 characters.
Like 1D barcodes, 2D barcodes are also machine-readable with dots/squares and spaces. They have symbology like this:
Since the code is two dimensional, conventional laser scanner can't read it. 2D barcodes require imaging scanner to read.
2D barcodes can be also used for different purposes throughout the supply chain: identifying prod-ucts/SKU (single unit, packaged or pallet), identifying content of a purchase order or delivery, identifying the batch number from which the item originates, identifying the manufacturer, country of origin etc, tracking status of an order, shipment or delivery Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 63
Extra units that are held in inventory to reduce the risks of stock-out are called...?
- A. Demand variance
- B. Safety stock
- C. Reorder point
- D. Just-in-time
Answer: B
Explanation:
The safety stock (or buffer stock) is the stock level that limits stock shortages due to unforeseen events (forecasts not in line with demand, longer than expected supply time, etc...) Demand variance is the degree to which the demand in a fixed period deviates from the average demand of the same period.
A reorder point is the unit quantity on hand that triggers the purchase of a predetermined amount of replenishment inventory.
The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 64
A restaurant needs to buy a new freezer. The owner applies total cost of ownership model to calcu-late the life-time cost of the freezer. This equipment has a price tag of $1,000, the supplier can offer free delivery if the restaurant pays off immediately. Estimated electricity consumption of the freezer is $200 in 5 years. The supplier ascertains that the freezer is very durable, buyer doesn't need to care about maintenance costs. However, if the restaurant needs better protection from breakdowns, the warranty is free for the first 12 months after the purchase. This warranty package can be extended once for another 24-month period with the cost of $75. After 5 years, the buyer will be able to resell this freezer for $250. What would be the estimated total cost of ownership of this freezer if the restaurant owner buys the extended warranty package?
- A. $1,525
- B. $1,275
- C. $1,200
- D. $1,025
Answer: D
Explanation:
The total cost of ownership would be the sum of all estimated costs.
The costs are as the following:
- Purchase price: $1,000
- Electricity consumption: $200
- Extended warranty: $75
Total expense = $1,000 + $200 +$75 = $1,275. Then subtract the resale price from this sum, the total cost of ownership is $1,025.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 65
MRP software is applied to schedule which of the following?
- A. Human resource management
- B. Executive meetings
- C. Production processes
- D. Tax accounting
Answer: C
Explanation:
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) software manages material requirements for manufacturing processes.
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 66
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CIPS L4M7 Certification Exam is ideal for professionals who are responsible for managing assets, such as plant managers, maintenance managers, facility managers, and operations managers. CIPS Whole Life Asset Management certification is also beneficial for individuals who are looking to transition into asset management roles or who want to enhance their knowledge and skills in this field. The CIPS L4M7 Certification is recognized by organizations around the world and provides professionals with a competitive advantage in the job market.
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